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As women in developed countries enter the labour market in greater numbers they create an increasing demand for domestic and care labour which, combined with the deficient response of public institutions, has created the so-called "care crisis".  The care crisis, which opens up opportunities mainly for women, has been a factor in the feminization of migratory processes. The need to sustain households on a daily basis has created global care chains with cross-border dimensions.

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It is estimated that during the conflict in the Balkans in the early 1990s, between 20,000 and 50,000 women were raped; during the Rwandan genocide, it is estimated that 500,000 women were raped; and during the conflict in Sierra Leone, between 50,000 and 64,000 women experienced some form of sexual violence.

UN-INSTRAW and the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) called for increased financial support to gender equality and women’s empowerment in the fight against HIV and AIDS at a recent meeting organized by UNIFEM and supported by the European Commission.